Feasibility Study and Application of Electric Energy Storage Systems Embedded in HVDC and STATCOM systems

The integration of Energy Storage (ES) Systems, like batteries and supercapacitors, in power systems is accelerating globally due to their ability to enhance the flexibility and efficiency required to integrate intermittent renewable energy sources (RES). With decreasing costs and improved technical features (e.g., energy density, safety), large-scale ES installations (20 to hundreds of MWh) are now common at both distribution and transmission levels.

Traditionally, ES systems use 2-3 Level VSCs, but for higher voltage and power applications, modular topologies such as Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) technology is preferable due to its flexibility and efficiency. MMCs allow storage integration through their valves. ES integration in DC systems like HVDC transmission and DC grids is…